Magic square glossary

Normal magic square: Uses each integer 1…n² exactly once.

Magic constant: The common sum for every row, column, and main diagonal: n(n²+1)/2 (e.g. 15 for 3×3, 34 for 4×4, 65 for 5×5, 111 for 6×6).

Order: The size n of the n×n grid.

Clue / given: A prefilled cell you do not edit.

Main diagonal: Top-left to bottom-right; the other main diagonal runs top-right to bottom-left.

Siamese method: Classic construction for odd-order magic squares (used for 3×3, 5×5, and as part of 6×6 on ProPuz).

Lo Shu: The famous 3×3 normal magic square pattern (up to rotation and reflection).

Difficulty (ProPuz): How many cells are blank—easy leaves more clues than hard.